Implant surface design has evolved to meet oral rehabilitation challenges in both healthy and compromised bone. For example, to overcome dental implant-related complications, peri-implantitis, and subsequent implant loss, implant surfaces were modified to introduce desired properties to dental implants and thus increase their success rate and expand their indications. Until now, a diversity of implant surface modifications, including different physical, chemical, and biological techniques, have been applied to a wide range of materials, such as titanium, zirconia, and polyether ether ketone, to achieve these goals. Ideal modifications enhance the interaction between the implant's surface and its surrounding bone which facilitates osseointegration while minimizing bacterial colonization to reduce the risk of biofilm formation. This review article aims to discuss currently available implant surface modifications in terms of their impact on osseointegration and biofilm formation, which is important for implantologists to choose the most suitable materials to improve implantation success and survivability.