Date palm is one of the important fruits in Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula. Nanotechnology, a modern field of study, has been applied to enhance various aspects of agriculture. In this study, we utilized silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNPs and CuNPs) to evaluate their effects on the characterization of date palm plants. Both AgNPs and CuNPs were chemically synthesized, and their absorption spectra were measured, revealing peaks at 415 nm for AgNPs and 575 nm for CuNPs. Plantlets (cv. Sewi) were treated with different concentrations of AgNPs and CuNPs (25, 50, and 100 mg/L). Physiological analysis showed an increase in total phenols in plants treated with 100 mg/L of AgNPs, while no changes were observed in total indoles across all treatments. Amino acid levels significantly increased with CuNPs at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L. Additionally, antioxidant levels, as well as chlorophyll A and B, increased with CuNPs at 100 mg/L and with AgNPs at 25 mg/L. Interestingly, carotenoid levels were highest in the control group compared to all treatments. The genetic stability of the treated plants was assessed using ISSR-PCR with 10 ISSR primers, and the results indicated no significant genetic changes in the treated plants compared to the control explants. This study highlights the potential of nanoparticles to enhance the physiological traits of date palm plants while maintaining their genetic stability.