The aim of this work is to identify the rodent species spread and study their population density in the Abydos Temple area, south of Sohag Governorate, during 2021/2022. The experiment revealed the identification of four types of climbing rats the Rattus rattus frugivorus, Rattus rattus Alexandrinus, Arvicanthis niloticus, and Rattus rattus. Also, the results showed that the population density increases during the summer and spring seasons and decreases during the winter and autumn. This is due to the abundance of nutrients during that period, the availability of temperature and humidity that help rodents to adapt during the summer and spring seasons, the high sexual ratio during that period, and the lack of these conditions during the winter season. Identification of rodent species in the study to be used in a future plan in the control strategy and to develop integrated control programs for rodents in tourist and archaeological systems, public places, universities, and modern constructions in Egypt.