Purpose of study: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count (platelet count of less than 100,000/μL) multiple humoral and cellular immune abnormalities resulting in accelerated platelet destruction and suppressed platelets production in ITP. Basic procedures: The study was conducted on eighty eight subjects divided into: 40 apparently healthy individuals   as a control group (group II) and 48  patients of ITP( group I), they were subdivided into 2 subgroups (ITP children in acute state  group Ia) and ITP children in chronic state group Ib). ITP children were diagnosed according to International Working Group (IWG) consensus report leptin was assessed for healthy and diseased subjects by EIA method. Main findings: results revealed that patients with ITP showed statistically significant higher Leptin level than control group and ITP children in acute state had statistically significant higher Leptin level than ITP children in chronic state. There was a significant negative  correlation between leptin and PLT in acute and  chronic groups and there was significant correlation between leptin and Solumedrol and IVIG. Principle conclusion:  The finding of this study showed the higher level of serum leptin in acute onset of ITP emphasize the role of leptin as a good marker for the assessment of ITP. So it can help to guide treatment.