Background: sleep quality is essential for maintaining good mental and physical well-being and various factors influence sleep quality. However, there is limited research about sleep quality among the general population in Egypt, especially in rural areas. Our study aimed to assess sleep quality and its associated factors among rural Egyptian adults. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in Minia, Egypt, in 2023. A randomly selected rural area was chosen. During data collection, a systematic random sample was used and 325 adults (equal or above 18 years) were interviewed. Socio-demographic and health-related data were collected. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale (PSQI) was utilized to assess sleep quality and anthropometric measurements were also taken. Independent predictors of poor sleep quality were identified using a multivariate binary logistic regression model. Results: Over 44% of the participants had poor sleep quality. The most prevalent abnormal sleep domains were sleep latency (43.3%) followed by sleep disturbance (40.3%). Factors such as gender, family income, chronic disease, and health perception were significantly associated with poor sleep. However, multiple regression analyses revealed that only fair (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.13-5.75) and bad health perceptions (OR: 4.27; 95% CI: 1.59-11.43) were significant predictors for poor sleep quality. Conclusion: A sizeable proportion of rural adults suffer from poor sleep quality. It is crucial to prioritize regular screening for poor sleep and develop educational programs in rural communities to enhance sleep quality.