Introduction; International diabetes federation (IDF) listed Egypt among the world top 10 countries in the number of patients with diabetes. Prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) is variable. Objectives: To assess arteriosclerosis and arteriolar hyalinosis in diabetic patients. Material and methods; From 2014 to 2020, a total of all 895 biopsies were received at PathLab (Private Pathology Lab) from diabetic patients. Result; Out of 895 cases were diagnosed as DM, 754 cases were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Arteriolar hyalinosis (score 2) was in 75.9% of DKD cases and 14.6% of NDRD group. No arteriolar hyalinosis was 64.4% of NDRD group. Arteriosclerosis (score 2) was 57.1% of DKD group and 46.3% of coexisting DKD and NDRD group. Conclusion: Marked arteriolar hyalinosis (score 2) occurs mainly in DKD group and in coexisting DKD and NDRD group, while more than half of NDRD group shows no arteriolar hyalinosis (score 0). DKD group shows arteriosclerosis score 1 in more than half of the studied cases.