Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common infection of the gastrointestinal system worldwide, with an estimated 
50% of the world's population is infected. The infection is acquired early in childhood, with most pathological 
symptoms present in adulthood. Transmission is mainly fueled by overcrowding and poor sanitation. Diagnosis in children considers criteria that call for testing and further investigation to eradicate infection. Since this infection is common, one must consider a different approach when suspecting Helicobacter pylori infection in the pediatric population, from the definition of index case to the diagnostic approach and eradication.