Human parvovirus B19 is a member of family Parvoviridae. It is capable of autonomous replication. When patients with acute leukemia acquire infection with human parvovirus B19, the clinical course of acute leukemia will be complicated. Infection with human parvovirius B19 constitutes a serious risk in certain group of patients such as immunodeficient patients, organ transplant patients, pregnant women and patients with acute leukemias. The genome of the virus can persist in patients with acute leukemia. So, it's highly recommended to screen patients with acute leukaemias for human parvovirus B19 genome by real-time PCR technique.The percentages of both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) patients within the 75 patients of acute leukemia represented within the study population was as the following; 41.3% of the patients who participated in this study were AML patients, and 58.7% were ALL patients.

The genome of the virus was detected in 17 patients of the 75 leukemia patients within the study group (22.7%). The number of leukemia patients in the study group who previously received blood transfusion was (50) leukemia patient. The blast cells count ranged from (20-70) in leukemia patients and was absent in the control group of healthy individuals.