Lung cancer is a serious health and life issue, with the highest rates of incidence and mortality in the world. It is now clear that inflammation is a key factor involved in all aspects of carcinogenesis, notably lung cancer development. Genetic changes, including polymorphisms in inflammatory genes, are supposed to play a significant role in increasing lung cancer risk. In this study, we aim to investigate the association of IL-6 rs1800795 and IL-1β rs16944 polymorphisms with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development in the Egyptian population. The study design was composed of 100 NSCLC cases and 100 controls, which were genotyped using the ARMS-PCR technique, electrophoresed on a 2.5% agarose gel, and visualized using ethidium bromide under ultraviolet illumination. The IL-1β rs16944 genotypes were significantly different in NSCLC patients as compared to healthy controls (p = 0.032). Whereas the genotypes and alleles of the IL-6 rs1800795 were not significantly linked to NSCLC incidence (p = 0.726; p = 0.822, respectively). To our best knowledge, this study aimed to uncover the great impact of IL-1β rs16944 genotypes on NSCLC development in the Egyptian population; thus, it may be a gateway for earlier NSCLC prevention.