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355047

Spotlights on Pneumocystis jiroveci

Article

Last updated: 05 Jan 2025

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Subjects

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Tags

Clinical microbiology

Abstract

Pneumocystis jiroveci (P. jiroveci), previously referred to as Pneumocystis carinii (P. carinii), is the upmost encountered opportunistic infection in individuals with HIV/AIDS. Although the occurrence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) has declined in HIV patients as a result of antiretroviral therapy, its prevalence has increased among individuals with hematologic malignancies, autoimmune diseases, recipients of stem-cell or solid-organ transplants, and those undergoing systemic chemotherapy. While diagnosis of PJP typically requires cytological staining, it is crucial not to delay treatment. In high-risk and critically ill patients, PJP treatment can be initiated before completing the diagnostic workup. The alveolar-arterial gradient is utilized to assess the severity of illness at the time of diagnosis. Antibiotics are recommended for managing PJP. Treatment of preference is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Primaquine with clindamycin is the recommended combination for individuals who have a history of intolerance to this regimen. Corticosteroids are employed as a supplementary treatment only in Patients with HIV who have severe PJP. While prophylaxis has decreased the frequency of PJP, its usage raised concerns regarding the emergence of resistant organisms. Due to the inability to cultivate human Pneumocystis in a standardized culture system, conducting routine susceptibility testing and detecting drug resistance is not feasible.

DOI

10.21608/ejmm.2024.286385.1245

Keywords

Pneumocystis jiroveci, opportunistic, HIV/AIDS

Authors

First Name

Asmaa

Last Name

Hegab

MiddleName

S.

Affiliation

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt

Email

asmahgab@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Somaia

Last Name

Eissa

MiddleName

A.

Affiliation

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt

Email

so_eissa@yahoo.com

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Iman

Last Name

Wali

MiddleName

E.

Affiliation

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt

Email

imanw@kasralainy.edu.eg

City

-

Orcid

-

First Name

Noha

Last Name

Gohar

MiddleName

M.

Affiliation

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt

Email

nohagohar@kasralainy.edu.eg

City

cairo

Orcid

-

Volume

33

Article Issue

3

Related Issue

47674

Issue Date

2024-07-01

Receive Date

2024-05-07

Publish Date

2024-07-01

Page Start

11

Page End

18

Print ISSN

1110-2179

Online ISSN

2537-0979

Article File

EJMM_Volume 33_Issue 3_Pages 11-18.pdf

PDF . 299.7kB

Link

https://ejmm.journals.ekb.eg/article_355047.html

Detail API

https://ejmm.journals.ekb.eg/service?article_code=355047

Order

355,047

Type

Review articles

Type Code

2,039

Publication Type

Journal

Publication Title

Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology

Publication Link

https://ejmm.journals.ekb.eg/

MainTitle

Spotlights on Pneumocystis jiroveci

Details

Type

Article

Created At

28 Dec 2024