The pyramid is a three-dimensional geometric shape consisting of a flat base and triangular faces that intersect at a common point called the apex. The pyramid is also a common architectural form in ancient civilizations in Mexico, where it was used to build temples, tombs, and observatories for gods, kings, and stars. In this research, we will explore the philosophy of the pyramidal shape through the analysis of examples from four important archaeological sites in Mexico: Teotihuacan, the Mayan civilization, the Aztec civilization, and Cuicuilco.

Teotihuacan is an ancient city in the Valley of Mexico, considered one of the largest and most important cultural centers in the ancient world. It was founded around 100 BCE and reached its peak between the 2nd and 6th centuries CE, when it had a population of up to 200,000 people. Teotihuacan is famous for its massive religious complex, which includes the Pyramid of the Sun, the Pyramid of the Moon, the Avenue of the Dead, and the Temple of the Feathered Serpent. These pyramids reflect the cosmic vision of the inhabitants of Teotihuacan, who believed that the world was divided into three levels: the sky, the earth, and the underworld. The pyramid is a symbol of communication between these levels, where the base represents the earth, the side faces represent the four cardinal directions, and the apex represents the sky.