Rheumatic fever refers to an autoimmune response to an untreated infection of the throat and possibly skin by group A streptococcus bacteria. The study aimed to: assess mothers' knowledge and practices regarding care of their children with rheumatic fever. Setting: This study was conducted in rheumatic fever Outpatient Clinic in the Egypt Children's Hospital . Design: A descriptive research design was used to achieve the aim of this study. Sample: A purposive sample of 60 mothers having children diagnosed with rheumatic fever who satisfying the inclusive criteria. Tools: The first tool was a structured interviewing questionnaire sheet to assess mothers' knowledge , the second tool was mothers reported practices regarding' care of their children. Results: The study findings revealed that 91.7% of the studied mothers had unsatisfactory total score level of knowledge and 71.6% of them had unsatisfactory total score level of reported practices regarding care of children with rheumatic fever.. Conclusion: The current study concluded that, great majority of the studied mothers had unsatisfactory total score level of knowledge of regarding care of their children rheumatic fever. Moreover, almost three quarters of the studied mothers had unsatisfactory total score levelof reported practices regarding care their children suffering from rheumatic fever.Also,there was astrong positive correlation between total score level of the studied mothers knowledge and reported practices regarding child with rheumatic fever& their characteristics Recommendations: Periodical educational programs for mothers having children with acute rheumatic fever to help them to provide care for them and cope with disease.