Fennel is a herbaceous plant widely used for both medical and aromatic purposes, owing to its economic and pharmacological benefits. This study investigated the effects of different sowing dates on the growth, yield, and quality of fennel plants under arid and semi-arid conditions. Three different dates were explored; 15th Oct, 1st Nov and 15th Nov in two successive season 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The results showed that sowing date significantly influenced the vegetative and yield characters of fennel. Plants sowed on 15th Oct had the best growth and yield characteristics, including the tallest plants, the highest fruit weight per plant, and the highest fruit yield. The highest essential oil percentage and yield were observed in plants sowed on 1st Nov in the first season and 15th Oct in the second season. The findings suggest that sowing fennel on 15th Oct could lead to the highest yield and quality, which could be economically beneficial for farmers in arid and semi-arid regions.