This study measures the inequality of opportunities in food security among Egyptian households using Human Opportunity Index (HOI). Food security is measured, in terms of food accessibility based on quantity and quality bases. Access to food quantity is measured by poverty status and access to food quality is based on Food Consumption Score (FCS). The study depends on data from Egypt – Household Income, Expenditure, and Consumption Survey (HIECS), 2010/2011. The study aims to examine to what extent the urban-rural gaps of opportunities could be referred to the differences in coverage or differences in the circumstances of individuals. Furthermore, the study examined the main determinants of food accessibility. The HOIs results show that urban areas offer better food opportunities for households than rural areas. This better situation of human opportunities in urban areas is mainly due to the gap in food accessibility based on quantity bases more than that based on quality bases. Decomposition of differences in HOIs among areas shows that the main difference in overall food accessibility between areas is returned to household's accessibility to adequate quantity and food diversity and not to the households' circumstances.