The present study was conducted on 9 non-medicated, clinically healthy, adult mongrel male dogs. The dogs had no orthopedic abnormalities. Dogs were subjected to mid-diaphyseal circular bone defect (0.8 cm in diameter) in the left radius bones under general anesthesia. Dogs were divided randomly to be allocated into two groups, each of 3 dogs. The treated group (group T, n = 3), in which bone defects were implanted with the titanium oxide/graphene oxide/chitosan nanocomposite. The control group (group C, n = 3), in which bone defects were allowed for spontaneous healing. Dogs were subjected to clinical and radiographical evaluation 30 days postoperatively. All surgical procedures were conducted under the effect of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Digital cranio-palmar and lateral views were taken for the operated limbs. Cortical defects and depth of the bone defects were recorded using the RadiAnt DICOM viewer version 1.1.2022 software. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the cortical defect in the treated group compared with the control groups 30 days postoperatively. The treated group recorded a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in 30 days compared to the baseline value. The depth of the bone defects decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated group compared with the untreated group 30 days post-induction of the bone defects. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the treated group on 30 days compared to the baseline value. The titanium oxide/graphene oxide/chitosan nanocomposite accelerates the healing of bone defects.

There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the cortical defect in the treated group compared with the control groups 30 days postoperatively. The treated group recorded a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in on 30 days compared to the base line value. Depth of the bone defects decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated group compared with the untreated group on 30 days post induction of the bone defects. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the treated group on 30 days compared to the base line value. The titanium oxide/graphene oxide/chitosan nanocomposite accelerates healing of the bone defects.