The research aims to study the parameters and indicators of financial inclusion in the Egyptian agricultural sector during the period 2016-2022. The generally accepted descriptive statistical standards and indicators were used, in addition to using the T-test to estimate the significance of the differences between the second period 2016-2022, and the first period preceding the implementation of financial inclusion 2009-2015.
The most important Results of the research:
-    The percentage of adults who do not have bank accounts around the world is about 32.8% of the adult population in 2021, according to the latest data on the Universal Financial Access Indicators (UFA).
-    Financial inclusion indicators can be divided into three main indicators: the financial use index (financial inclusion ratio), which amounts to about 42 million adult individuals, representing about 64.8% of the total number of adult citizens in 2022, the financial availability index, which has developed from about 22.2 availability points/100,000 adults in 2016, reaching about 172 thousand access points/100,000 adults, the most important financial services and products, as 3.4 million financial services were provided within the financial inclusion activities - digital savings group - issuing smart cards - electronic payment by mobile phone.
-    In comparison between the second period 2016-2022 and the first period 2009-2015, before the implementation of financial inclusion, using the T-test, we find that the difference between the averages of the two periods is statistically significant to the total loans provided by the banking system to the public and private business sectors and agricultural activity loans provided by the banking system, as well as deposit balances. In the banking system, as for the loans provided by the Agricultural Bank of Egypt in total and directed to agricultural activity, statistical significance was proven for short- and medium-term loans, while the total long-term loans directed to agricultural activity did not prove statistical significance for the difference between the two periods.
-    When comparing the first and second period regarding the three types of Agricultural Bank loans between the neediest governorates, we find that for short-term loans the differences were significant in the following governorates: Ismailia - Luxor - New Valley, While there are no significant differences between the averages of the two periods for the following governorates: Minya - Assiut - Sohag - Qena - Aswan, and for medium-term loans, the differences were significant in the following governorates: Ismailia - Sohag - Aswan - Luxor - New Valley, While there are no significant differences between the averages of the two periods for the rest of the governorates, and for long-term loans, the differences were significant in Qena Governorate, there are no significant differences between the averages of the two periods for the rest of the governorates.
The research recommends the need to follow a fair distribution policy that ensures easy access to and facilitation of the governorates and individuals most in need of financial services and products and encourages them to engage with the banking system and spread technological culture to deal with electronic portfolios and financial banking services.