This research aims to study the economic resources of the Northern Delta lakes in terms of (production quantity and key species caught, area, number of fishermen, number of boats, boat productivity, and fisherman productivity) during the period from 2001 to 2021, as well as the major challenges facing them. The study relied on secondary data, which were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, estimating their time trend equations, and using the production surplus model (Schaefer 1957) to estimate the optimal fishing rates and sustainable production for each lake. The results showed that the North Delta lakes contributed about 81%, 48%, and 10% of the total production of lakes, natural fisheries, and Egyptian fish production, respectively. The most important fish species caught included tilapia, the Mugilidae family, and Catfish. The application of the Schaefer model revealed that actual production in each lake has exceeded the optimal allowed quantity in recent years. The results emphasize the need to reconsider fisheries management in Northern Delta lakes to enhance production and economic efficiency. They also highlight the importance of addressing current obstacles to achieve sustainable fish production. The study concluded that improving the current situation requires adopting strict policies to curb illegal fishing practices and increasing awareness of the importance of preserving fish resources.