Date palm is one of the important economic fruit crops in Egypt, where the value of production of fruit crops and date palm reached about 72.7 billion pounds, representing 17.8% of the value of vegetable production for 2021, in which date palm represents 124.28 thousand acres with 7.5% of the total area of fruit crops, with 14.6 million fruit palms as an average for the period (2017-2021). Qena governorate is one of the most important governorates of the Republic for date palm production, as the average area cultivated in the governorate of date palm reached 1.38 thousand feddans, represented by 376.61 thousand fruit palms, with a total production of 23.79 thousand tons as an average for the period (2018-2022). Date palm cultivation in Qena governorate faces many production constraints despite the availability of many agricultural resources. From the study of the productive indicators of the date palm crop in the Arab Republic of Egypt, it was found that the minimum area of date palm reached about 85.20 thousand acres in 2006, and the maximum amount reached about 177.10 thousand acres in 2022, an increase of about 91.9 thousand acres, and that the minimum number of female fruit palms reached about 11402. 90 thousand palm trees in 2005, and the maximum amount reached 15710.25 thousand palm trees in 2022, and that the minimum productivity of date palm was about 101.70 kg / palm in 2005, and the maximum amount was about 1117.6 kg / palm in 2022, and that the minimum total production of date palm was about 1159.67 thousand tons in 2005, and the maximum amount was about 1847.63 thousand tons in 2022. From the study of the productive indicators of the date palm crop in Qena Governorate, it was found that the minimum area of date palm in Qena Governorate amounted to about 0.66 thousand feddans in 2005, 2010, 2011 and the maximum amount amounted to about 1.39 thousand feddans in 2019 and 2020, and the minimum number of fruitful palm trees amounted to about 319.22 thousand palm trees in 2010. The maximum was 682.40 thousand date palms in 2005, and the minimum productivity of date palms was about 45 kg/palm in 2005 and 2006, and the maximum was about 123.99 kg/palm in 2010, and the minimum total production of date palms was about 17.85 thousand tons in 2005, and the maximum was about 32.67 thousand tons in 2014, with an annual average of about 22.25 thousand tons. From the study of the geographical distribution of the date palm crop, it was found that the region outside the valley ranked first, with an average cultivated area of about 124.49 thousand feddans, representing about 63.69% of the total area cultivated with the date crop in Egypt, and the Bahari face region ranked first for fruitful palms, where the average number of fruitful palms in the date crop reached about 4950.291 thousand palms, representing about 35%. 3% of the total area cultivated with the date crop in Egypt, and the Central Egypt region ranked first for fruit productivity, where the average productivity reached about 120.5 kg / palm, representing about 122.7% of the average productivity of the date crop in Egypt, as for total production, the Wajh al-Bahri region ranked first and the average production of dates reached about 680,460 thousand tons, representing about 43.0% of the total production of dates in Egypt. The results of the statistical analysis of the study sample and the study of the relative importance of the area planted with the date palm crop in Qena Governorate showed that the total area planted with date palm in Qena Governorate is about 1380 acres in the year (2023), and by ranking the centers of Qena Governorate according to the relative importance of the area planted with the date palm crop, Qafta Center ranked first with an area of about 655. 6 feddans and
represents
represents about 47% of the total area cultivated with the date crop in Qena Governorate, so the sample villages were selected in the Qaft center in (2023), and it was found that the area cultivated with date palm crops in Qena Governorate is about 1380 feddans in (2023). It was also found that the area planted with date palm in Qaft Center is concentrated in the village of Wadi Al-Laqita, where the total area planted with date palm reached about 655 feddans, representing about 99.9% of the total area planted in the center. The study of the statistical estimation of production functions in the first tenure category showed that increasing the number of units used of municipal fertilizer, nitrogen, pesticides and human labor by one unit leads to an increase in productivity per acre by about 0.09%, 0.04%, 0.10% and 0.22%, and the statistical significance of all estimated parameters was proven. The statistical estimation of the production functions in the second tenure class showed that increasing the number of units used of azotiopotassic fertilizer, pesticides, and human labor by one unit leads to an increase in acreage productivity by 0.04%, 0.11%, 0.05%, 0.29%, and the statistical significance of all estimated parameters has been established. The statistical estimation of production functions in the third tenure category showed that increasing the number of units used of municipal fertilizers, pesticides, and human labor by one unit leads to an increase in acreage productivity by about 0.05%, 0.08%, and 0.30%, and statistical significance was established for all estimated parameters. By estimating the economic efficiency coefficient of using the productive elements as a function of total output estimated in the first tenure category, it was found that the value of the economic efficiency coefficient for the amount of municipal fertilizer, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of pesticides, the amount of pesticides, and human labor amounted to 4.14, 15.62, 13.27, and 9.2 respectively, that is, the productive efficiency coefficient for each of them is greater than one which indicates the high level of economic efficiency of using these elements. When estimating the economic efficiency coefficient of the use of productive elements with the total output function estimated by the second spatial category, the value of the economic efficiency coefficient for the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of potash fertilizer, the amount of pesticides, the amount of pesticides, and human labor was about 7.01, 11.36, 5.14, and 7.50 respectively, i.e., the productive efficiency coefficient for each of them is greater than one which indicates a high level of economic efficiency of the use of these elements. By estimating the economic efficiency coefficient of the use of productive elements as a function of total output estimated for the third tenure category, the value of the economic efficiency coefficient of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of potash fertilizer, the amount of pesticides, and human labor was about 1.79, 3.89, and 2.59, respectively, which means that the productive efficiency coefficient for each of them is greater than one, indicating a high level of economic efficiency of the use of these elements. By estimating the economic indicators of the date palm crop at the level of the study sample of the crop in Qena Governorate, it was found that the total costs amounted to about 18,936.82 pounds, while the total income amounted to about 72,786.67 pounds, while the net return per acre amounted to about 53,849.87 pounds. Comparing the cost of production per acre of the date palm crop at the level of tenure categories, data from the same table showed that it reached its maximum for the first category, which was estimated at 21,781.48 pounds, compared to 18,295.08 pounds 16,733 pounds. 91 pounds for the second and third categories, respectively, and when comparing the total revenue per acre of the date palm crop at the level of tenure categories, it reached its maximum for the second and third categories, which was estimated at 77,900 pounds and 84460 pounds, respectively, compared to 56,000 pounds for the first category, while comparing the net return from the date palm crop. As for comparing the net return from the date palm crop at the level of tenure categories, it was found that it reached its maximum for the third category, which was estimated at 67726.09 pounds, compared to 34218.52 pounds 59605 pounds for the first and second categories, respectively, and finally, comparing the profitability of the
the pound invested in producing the date palm crop at the level of tenure categories, it was found that it reached its maximum for the third category, which was estimated at 4.05 pounds, compared to 1.57 pounds 3.26 pounds for the first and second categories, respectively.  The research recommends the following:
1- Activating the role of private associations and cooperatives in providing technical information and financing for date palm production inputs.
2- Paying attention to the guidance and training aspect to raise the technical efficiency of date palm farmers and help them produce a high-quality product.
3- Interest in studying the pests, insects and diseases that affect date palm and researching the best ways to treat them technically and economically, while recommending the application of integrated control methods.
4- Paying attention to newly reclaimed areas and planning the necessary facilities and services, especially roads, electricity, water and sewage plants.