The local beans crop is considered one of the most important food crops as it is consumed in different forms. It is the most consumed crop among the legumes group, as the average per capita share per year reached about 5.94 kg/year, representing about 73.41% of the average per capita share of the legumes group, which amounted to about 8.03 kg/year during the period (2008-2023). Despite the strategic importance of the local bean crop, farmers are retreating from its cultivation and moving towards more profitable agricultural crops. As a result, the self-sufficiency rate decreased to about 23.4% during the period (2008-2023). Therefore, the research aims to study the economic factors affecting the food security coefficient of local beans and to try to increase the self-sufficiency rate due to the decrease in both the cultivated area and the total production quantity of local beans individually by an annual amount of about 5.52 thousand acres, 7.24 thousand tons, and in contrast, the consumption quantity increases annually by about 11.61 thousand tons, which resulted in an increase in the quantity of imports by about 2.03 thousand tons annually, as well as an increase in the quantity of the gap for the local bean crop by about 18.90 thousand tons annually.
By studying the food security coefficient indicators, it was found that daily consumption increased by about 0.03 thousand tons per day, compared to the annual decrease in both production sufficiency for consumption and the import coverage period for consumption by about 5.83 and 0.27 days, respectively. By calculating the ratio between the size of the strategic stock and the average annual consumption, it was found that the food security coefficient decreased by about (4.66) during the study period. This coefficient indicates a weak food security coefficient index due to its proximity to zero. It is always recommended to work on increasing the value of the food security coefficient until it reaches about 0.5, which is sufficient for local consumption for at least six months according to food security considerations.
In an attempt to overcome the problem of the food gap for the local bean crop resulting from vertical expansion, and given that the most important governorates planted with local beans at the republic level are almost the same as the most important governorates for growing sugar beets, we resorted to agricultural experiments conducted at the Sakha station affiliated with the Field Crops Research Institute, where local beans were loaded with different densities starting from 12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50% on the sugar beet crop. Loading local beans at a rate of 12.5% ​​resulted in a production capacity of about 2 udrebs. Comparing the total return ratio to the total costs, it is clear that the acre of sugar beet loaded with local beans reached about 1.53, which is the highest, followed by the acre of local beans alone, then the acre of beets alone, at about 1.48, 1.44. Thus, it is clear that the pound invested in an acre of sugar beet loaded with local beans has a higher profit by about 0.07 pounds in the case of loading at a rate of 1.25%, and the amount of this profit increases with the increase in the loading ratio.