The wheat crop is considered one of the most important strategic crops in Egypt, along with cotton and rice, as its products, beginning with Egyptian bread and pastries, are considered the main food for the Egyptian people. Despite its importance, there is always a gap between production and consumption, which is bridged through imports from abroad. 8.5 million tons during the period (2018-2020), while the volume of domestic consumption amounted to about 20.7 million tons, with a self-sufficiency rate of about 41% during the same period. Despite this, the state is working hard to increase production by increasing the area and productivity, but there is always Competition over the unity of land and water at the level of the Republic in general and Gharbia Governorate in particular As it does not have a desert back, which resulted in a great competition between agricultural crops, whether winter or summer, separately.
                The problem of the research was that despite the existence of a severe shortage in wheat, there is strong competition between winter crops at the level of the Republic in general and Gharbia Governorate, especially in the limited agricultural area there.
The research aimed mainly at identifying the most important wheat varieties at the level of the Republic in general and the Gharbia Governorate in particular, which enjoys an increase in production, productivity and productive merit for each of them, in order to contribute to increasing the percentage of self-sufficiency in wheat, It also aimed at estimating the actual productivity of the most important crop varieties in Gharbia Governorate and comparing them with the economic crop and production capacity according to the state's productivity of the wheat crop and then the gap between them and the expected economic return from reducing that gap. One-way variance, percentages, and arithmetic averages. It was also based on secondary data published in the Economic Affairs Sector of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, data of the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, data of the Food and Agriculture Organization.
Research results:
That by comparing some varieties grown in Gharbia Governorate with varieties at the level of the Republic in terms of cultivar production and the relative importance of these varieties, it becomes clear that the production of Gemmayzeh 10 variety is about 5454 Ardib, which represents about 29.8% in terms of relative importance to the average production of the cultivar at the level of the Republic, followed by In second place is the production of the Gemmayzeh 9 variety, which amounts to about 232 thousand ardibs, representing about 11.7% in terms of the relative importance of the average production of the variety at the level of the Republic, It is followed in fourth place by the production of the sixths 14 variety, which amounts to about 90,000 ardibs, representing about 10.9% in terms of the relative importance of the average production of the variety at the level of the Republic during the year 2020.
2-By estimating the productivity of wheat crop varieties in Gharbia Governorate by sampling method, it became clear that the highest productivity of wheat varieties amounted to about 24.3 ardibs / f for the cultivar Misr 3, with an area of about 3600 acres, followed by the Sakha 95 variety, with a productivity of about 22.8 ardibs / f, with an area of about 50 acres only, followed by the Nubaria 2 variety, which had an area of about 3375 acres. It also turned out that the highest area amounted to about 21,308 acres for the Misr 1 variety, which
 
had an acre productivity of about 20.8 ardab / acre, followed by the Giza 171 variety, which reached about 17823 acres, and reached The productivity of the feddan is about 22.1 ardebs / feddan, followed by the sixth 14th class, which is about 4876 feddans. The productivity of the feddan is about 19.7 ardebs / feddan.
3- The largest differences in the feddan productivity of the wheat crop in Gharbia Governorate for the study sample was between the Misr 3 cultivar and the Sadas 14 cultivar, where the feddan productivity of the Misr 3 variety was about 24.6 ardibs/feddan, while the feddan productivity of the Sixes 14 variety was about 19.7 ardibs/feddan, with a difference of about 4.6 ardibs/feddan. In favor of Misr 3, the results also found that the least differences in the feddan productivity of the wheat crop in Gharbia Governorate for the study sample were between the Misr 2 cultivar and the Giza 171 cultivar, where the feddan productivity of the Misr 2 cultivar was about 21.6 ardibs/feddan, while the feddan productivity of the Giza 171 cultivar was about 22.1 ardibs/feddan, with a difference It was about 0.5 ardeb/acre for Giza 171.
4- By examining the productive merit of the study sample of wheat varieties and comparing them with the hypothetical medium (community sample) in Gharbia Governorate, it became clear that the largest differences were in favor of the Giza 171 variety in the study sample, as the difference between it and the hypothetical medium was about 5.3 ardab/per feddan, with a change of about 29.4% from the hypothetical medium.
Search recommendations:
The study recommends the necessity of cultivating high-yielding varieties, especially the varieties of Misr 3, Sakha 95, Nubaria 2, and Giza 171. It also recommends the need to replace the old varieties with new varieties. Finally, it recommends applying the technology of high-yielding varieties to reduce the gap between production and consumption, and the use of agricultural mechanization in agriculture. To increase production, in addition to adopting farmers to grow high-yielding varieties.