The present study was carried out at the Experimental Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University at El-Kawthar Town, Sohag Governorate, Egypt during the 2022 and 2023 summer growing seasons.  The breeding material used in this study were F₂ and F₃ families from one cross of sorghum, i.e., Dorado × Giza-15 (pop.). The objectives were to assess the relative efficiency of selection methods for improving grain yield/ plant and correlated traits. Highly significant differences among F₂ and F₃ families satisfactory genotypic coefficient of variability and large magnitude of broad sense heritability were obtained for all studied traits. In two generations, grain yield/plant showed positive highly significant correlations with all studied traits. The results showed high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM %) for all studied traits in the two generations (F₂ and F₃) except for days to 50% flowering which was moderate. Direct selection for grain yield/ plant increased by 19.74 % from the bulk sample after one cycle of selection. This increase was accompanied by an increase in plant height (3.41%) and 1000–grain weight (18.90%), a favorable decrease in days to 50 % flowering (-0.81 %). The best-given family after one cycle of selection was Family No. 50 which out-yielded the bulk sample by 82.15% for grain yield/plant and by 52.15% for 1000 grain-weight.