The paper studies legal regulation issues of administrative responsibility institution in the field of food security of the Russian Federation in connection with climate change and other global problems. Some conceptual questions of regional legislation in this area are indicated; the proposed change analysis of the current legislation has been carried out. It is indicated that the impact of climate on food security in the Volgograd region is extremely high, since the region is difficult for agriculture. It was proved that there are risks of a direct relationship between aridity and crops which, however, can be minimized including by legal means. The author proposes specific measures to improve administrative responsibility in the field of food security at the federal and regional levels; it is noted that legal protection measures ensuring guarantees for compliance with the requirements for food stocks, for circulation of food products, are characterized as effective preventive ways to minimize the risks of causing unsafe food products harm life or health to large number of consumers, and, consequently, effect food security.