Background:Rheumatoid The prevalence of arthritis (RA), a systemic inflammatory illness that worsens over time, ranges from 0.2% to 1.1% worldwide. An essential component of the caspase family, the caspase-5 (CASP5) gene is involved in the regulation of immune response and cell death. The correlation between CASP5 plasma levels and CASP5 expression gene levels in B cells and T cells PBMCs implies that CASP5 may represent a new risk biomarker for RA. In a case-control study with 80 participants, researchers discovered that mild activity accounted for 15.0% of RA cases, moderate activity for 30.0%, and high activity for 55.0%. In comparison to the control group, RA patients were found to have a considerably higher ESR and a lower Hb. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy were all improved when CASP5 gene expression levels and CASP5 plasma levels were matched. Levels of CASP5 gene expression and plasma CASP5 levels were both shown to be strongly associated with RA susceptibility when logistic regression analysis was used to forecast RA vulnerability.one, two, three (1)