Background: With the advent of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), a novel posterolateral method has been developed for decompressing the lumbar disc space and removing the nucleus pulposus. In April 1987, the authors brought the method to Germany. Individuals whose lorsal longitudinal ligament is intact and who have non-equestrated lumbar disc herniation are good candidates for this procedure. Under local anesthesia, the disc's dorsal lateral border is accessed by a working cannula with an outside diameter of 5 mm. Using anulus trephines to open the disc space and a combination of flexible and stiff forceps, as well as automated shaver devices, the nucleus pulposus is removed under intermittent endoscopic control (discoscopy). Our goal in writing this review is to provide a thorough evaluation of PLED's clinical value in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation by looking at its safety, effectiveness, and results in terms of pain reduction, functional improvement, complications, and patient satisfaction. In summary: A new less invasive surgical alternative for individuals with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation is percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). When people talk about percutaneous endoscopic discectomy, they usually mean either percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy or percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy. PELD's minimal incision, speedy recovery, short hospital stay, and comparable clinical success to open surgery have made it more well-known.