Aim: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic efficacy of Erythropoietin (EPO) gel as an adjunct to xenograft versus xenograft alone in treating intrabony defects.

Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized, controlled, double-blind conducted in the Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Oral Diagnosis department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University. Twenty-six (stage III) periodontitis patients, with (three-wall) intrabony defects, were randomly divided (Thirteen in each group) into test (EPO gel + xenograft) and control (xenograft alone) groups. The primary outcome was evaluating the changes in the clinical periodontal parameters including (Plaque index (PI), sulcular bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL)) and wound healing using Early healing index (EHI). The secondary outcome was evaluating the changes in the radiographic parameters including the defect fill (DF) and alveolar crest changes (ACC).

Results: After 1 and 2 weeks, the test group showed a significant EHI reduction than the control group. At 6 months, both groups showed significant CAL gain and DF with a significantly lower CAL gain and DF in the test group compared to the control group. There was a significant PD reduction with no significant difference between both groups.

Conclusion: EPO gel as an adjunct to xenograft may accelerate soft tissue healing after surgical management of intrabony defects. However, it does not enhance the xenograft regenerative outcomes.