ntroduction: Root canal morphology of lower premolars varies greatly among ethnicities; By making the root canal morphology visible and familiar with its complex inter-canal connection, lateral canals, and apical ramification, allows us to realize the critical relevance of disinfection procedures, whether mechanical or chemical.
Aim: evaluate root canal morphology of mandibular premolars teeth in Egyptian sub population using Clearing and staining.
Materials and methods: 300 extracted lower permanent premolars were used in this study with a total number of 150 mandibular first premolar and 150 second mandibular premolar, access for these teeth were done, these teeth were cleared, and water insoluble blue ink was injected into the access cavity, where it diffused throughout the root canal system, allowing for direct visualization of its three-dimensional anatomy.
Results: the presence of second root is rare in mandibular premolars and there is considerable presence of second canal in both mandibular first and second premolars in the Egyptian population.