1. Introduction:

Obesity and its impact on metabolic changes that lead to disorders in the human body such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, diseases, and chronic diseases such as stroke, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, some cancers, and inflammation-based pathologies are among the most important topics that require discussion [1].

Since 1980, the global incidence of overweight and obesity has nearly doubled, with over a third of the world's population being classified as overweight or obese. Obesity rates have increased across all ages and genders, irrespective of geographic location, ethnicity, or socioeconomic class, however the prevalence of obesity is often greater among older adults and women [2].

Excess energy from eating causes fat to accumulate in fat cells. Obesity pathologic abnormalities include fat cell expansion or an increase in the number of fat cells to allow fat accumulation. As fat cells reach their maximum storage capacity, fat may be deposited in abnormal locations such as visceral fat, heart fat, and fat in muscles. Fat cell enlargement and the microbiome may combine to increase the host's inflammatory environment. As fat cells grow in size, they create more of several types of peptides, including leptin and cytokines [3].