Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most widely studied diseases in medicine
Objectives: To study the relation between risk factors and clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at Qena governorate.
Patients and methods: Assessment of 61 lupus patients was done through clinical and laboratory evaluation of musculoskeletal system (MSK), mucocutaneous involvement and renal involvement in addition to evaluation of smoking status, combined oral contraception (COC) and family history in each patient.
Results: MSK manifestations were detected in all smoker lupus patients, all COC user lupus patients and half of those of familial lupus. Mucocutaneous manifestations were detected in 83 % of COC user lupus patients, 75 % of familial lupus patients and 50 % of smoker lupus patients. Lupus nephritis was detected in all COC user patients and half of either smoker lupus patients or familial lupus patients.
Conclusion: Smoking, COC using and family history affect upon renal, MSK and mucocutaneous manifestations of SLE patients at Qena governorate.