Background: New-onset heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are both significant risk factors for each other.
Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of prediabetic dysglycemia and Newly diagnosed diabetes among individuals with established CHF stratified by HFrEF or HFpEF.
Patients and methods: A total of 450 patients presented by HF admitted at Sohag university hospital, internal medicine department and CCU from October 2021 to December 2022 were screened for enrollment in this prospective study.All agreed to participate in this prospective study, 260 patient were excluded as they were Known to be diabetic. After that, 190 patients not known to be diabetic presented by CHF , then classified according HbA1C into 3 main groups Normoglycemic (with HbA1c less than 5.7), prediabetic (with HbA1c between 5.7 to 6.4) and newly diagnosed diabetic(with HbA1c more than 6.4) then the patients classified according to echocardiographic finding of LVEF into three groups: HFrEF patients with EF ≤ 40%, HFmrEF patients with EF between 41 to 49%,while  HFpEF patients with EF ≥50.
Results: This study included 190 patients with confirmed diagnosis of CHF then HbA1c was measured in the studied 190 patients (don't known to be diabetic) who were divided into three groups (normoglycemic, prediabetic, and newly diagnosed diabetic). To find that 43 patients (22.6%) were normoglycemic with a HbA1c less than 5.7, 46 patients (24.2%) were prediabetics with a HbA1c between 5.7 and 6.4, and 101 patients (53.2%) were diabetics with a HbA1c greater than 6.4, indicating that both prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes are more common than normoglycemia in CHF patients.
Conclusion: The prevalence of prediabetes and recently diagnosed diabetes in HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF groups varied significantly from one another. Even before diabetes is identified and glucose-lowering medication is started, dysglycemia is associated with a greater risk of unfavorable clinical outcomes in individuals with both HFpEF and HFrEF.