Background: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by a state of hyperglycemia. It is caused by defect in the insulin secretion, insulin action or even both. Long-term complications of diabetes are many as  nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus is considered  the most common cause of  renal failure worldwide. Diabetes results in  many histological changes in the kidney. Most cell types of  the kidney as podocytes, tubular cells and mesangial cells affect in diabetes.The most characteristic change in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is glomerular alteration as glomerular expansion and thickened glomerular basement membrane.Many alterations of the respiratory functions aredetected in diabetic patients. Several characteristic histological changes had been described in the lung of diabetic animals. Diabetic lung is characterized with increased connective tissue at the expense of alveolar air spaces.This review focuses on histological changes on the kidney and lung of diabetic animal model.
Conclusion: Kidney and lung are target organs for diabetes. DN is one of common chronic complications of  diabetes.  DN is the most common indication for renal replacement therapy worldwide. Several histopathological changes were reported in lung of diabetic animals. It is essential to provide novel therapeutic strategies that could prevent complication of diabetes on kidney and lung.