Diabetic macular edema (DME), one of the major complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR), is also one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the working-age population. DME was diagnosed by ophthalmoscope as clinical significance macular edema.
Diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) is an important category of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) has been the gold standard for diagnosing and grading DMI. It shows enlargement and irregularities of the FAZ. FFA is an invasive, dye involving, time consuming procedure with potential hazards.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a perfect method for assessment of macular structural changes.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a novel, rapid, non-invasive, non-dye involving technique demonstrating SCP and DCP individually. Unfortunately, OCTA has drawbacks as it can only detect motion signals, it doesn't detect leakage or show staining or pooling in contrast to FFA. The field of view in current OCTA devices is relatively narrow. Using the current technology, OCTA is more prone to artifacts than traditional angiographies.
AIM OF THE WORK
The aim of the work is to compare between the FFA, OCT and OCT-A in detecting macular ischemia in diabetic macular edema.