Cervical cancer is a major public health problem and become the second most common cancer in women worldwide
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of infection with high-risk genotypes of human invasive cervical cancer; over 70% of all cervical cancers are attributable to infection with HPV-16 and 18.
The associated risk factors include young age at first intercourse less than 16 years, multiple sexual partners, cigarette smoking, race, high parity, and lower socioeconomic status
Cervical cancer ranks as the third most frequent cancer in women aged between 15 and 44 in Egypt.
The Papanicolaou test (Pap test) is a screening method for a precancerous or cancerous cervix, but it is not suitable in a developing country due to highcost.
Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was introduced in the Maternal and Child Health Centre at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, in 2006 as a cervical screening tool.