Background:
Knowledge of the frequency of precipitating factors for acute heart failure (AHF) is important (either
new-onset heart failure [NOHF] or worsening heart failure [WHF]), as this can guide strategies for
prevention and treatment. Most data come only from Western Europe and North America; nevertheless,
geographic differences do exist. We set out to study the prevalence of precipitating factors of AHF and
their connection to patient characteristics and in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients from Egypt
hospitalized for decompensated HF. Using the ESC-HF-LT Registry which is a prospective, multicenter,
observational study of patients confessed to cardiology centers in the nations of Europe and the
Mediterranean, patients presenting with AHF were recruited from 20 centers all over Egypt. Enrolling
physicians were requested to report possible precipitants from among several predefined reasons.

AIM OF THE WORK
Primary Aim:
Investigate predisposing factors prevalence of AHF and their association with patient characteristics and clinical outcomes in the Egyptian cohort of patients enlisted in the ESC-HF long-term Registry. Outcomes included in-hospital and one year mortality.
Secondary Aims:
Identify which precipitating factors are associated with various HF clinical presentations.
Explore interactions with subgroups (listed below) for clinical outcome.

Patients hospitalized for decompensating of chronic HF versys new-onset HF.
(HFrEF) versus (HFmrEF) and (HFpEF).
Men versus women.
Hospital length of stay.