One of the major sources of Pre-Islamic Arabian civilizations were water dams, which were given an important attention and developed architectures. The dams were varying from reservoir dams and transformation dams. The dam of Gufaina in Ma'rib oasis in the heartland of Saba kingdom is seem a model of the transformative dam built by ancient Sabaean. The Gufaina dam works to impound and divert the water that comes from the north of the northern water source of the old Ma'rib dam, and it is the water that does not descend into the course of Wadi Dhanna. of it, discharging it and protecting the oasis fields, which are fed by the waters of the old Ma'rib Dam. It is clear from the dam's architecture that it continued to play its role in regulating irrigation in the oasis to later periods, perhaps dating back to the first Islamic period. his study aims to identify the architectural technology and building materials that have been used in transformative ancient dams of Arabia, that will be through a field study of Gufaina dam, which its architecture details is still preserved, and could reveal the design of water system, drain and the water quantity reservoir techniques.
 
Citation:
Ali .Mubarak. Salih. Tueaiman, “Gufaina dam in Ma'rib Oasis is a model of transformative dams in the pre-Islamic Kingdom of Saba: architectural field study".- Historical kan Periodical. - Vol. (15) Issue (57); September 2022. Pp. 217 – 225.