Makkah, a city of profound religious significance, annually hosts the Hajj pilgrimage and continuously accommodates Umrah visitors, resulting in a surge of millions of pilgrims. This extraordinary influx places immense pressure on transportation infrastructure and demands efficient management of people flows within the city's constrained boundaries. This research paper provides a scientific background to address the challenge of managing large pilgrim flows in Makkah through innovative transportation solutions. By analyzing the unique characteristics of pilgrimages, urban dynamics, and the complexities of pedestrians' movement, and aim to propose strategies for sustainable, safe, and efficient transportation in this spiritually significant environment.