This study empirically analyses the main factors determining changes in income inequality in Malaysia from 1989 to 2022. It uses the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model for this purpose. This analysis investigates the stable, long-term relationships and immediate changes between income inequality (measured by the Gini coefficient) and a group of economic factors (such as GDP growth, foreign direct investment, inflation, and unemployment), demographic factor (population growth), and policy factors (government expenditure on education and tax revenue). The ARDL technique comprehends the intricate interaction among these elements. The key findings indicate that long-term GDP growth has a reducing influence on inequality of income, but the entrance of foreign investment, increased inflation, and unemployment worsen inequities. Augmenting investment in education and implementing a system of progressive taxation can alleviate income inequalities. The short-term impacts display a subtle and intricate pattern. This extensive research offers significant empirical data and insights to guide policies that aim to foster inclusive economic growth and ensure fair distribution of income in Malaysia.