The purpose of the study is to study the extreme temperatures in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Egypt extends between latitudes 22-31 degrees north and longitudes 25-37 degrees east in a dry climate characterized by extreme temperatures. Extreme weather events are defined as abnormal weather events that deviate greatly from their average value, as they are the highest and lowest temperature recorded during a day, month, year, or any time period in meteorological stations. The average maximum or minimum temperature for any time period can be used to indicate thermal extremes.  The study aims to monitor the cases of temperature extremes during the period from (1980 - 2020), determine the frequency and intensity of high and low extremes, and show the most important impacts and the correlation between temperature extremes and the prevailing weathering processes acting on ancient Egyptian monuments. The study addresses: First, modeling temperature extremes in Egypt; secondly, monitoring heat differentials on the surfaces of some ancient Egyptian monuments, and thirdly: the mechanical weathering patterns associated with ancient Egyptian monuments. The temples of Kom Ombo and Philae in Aswan were chosen as applied examples.