Egypt extends between latitudes 22-31 degrees north and longitudes 25-37 degrees east in a dry climate characterized by extreme temperatures. Extreme weather events are defined as abnormal weather events that deviate significantly from their average value, as they are the highest and lowest temperature recorded during a day, month, year, or any time period in meteorological stations. The average maximum or minimum temperature for any time period can be used to indicate thermal extremes. The study aims to monitor cases of extreme temperatures during the period (1980-2020), determine the frequency and intensity of high and low extreme phenomena, and show the most important influences and the relationship < /div> between extreme temperatures and the prevailing weathering processes affecting ancient Egyptian. The study showed that the thermal range is one of the pillars in the occurrence of the mechanical weathering process, as the process of expansion and contraction inside the rock contributes to the mineral stress that characterizes the rocks and the speed of the weathering phenomenon. And rocks retain heat for a longer period, especially in the sun, in sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, in contrast to igneous rocks such as granite, which lose their heat faster. Mechanical weathering is the most active, especially in southern Egypt. Physical geography, with its tools, can also contribute in a powerful and effective way to the management of archaeological sites, specifically to the documentation and production of maps for these sites.