Background: A primary cause of blindness that affects about 50,000 children worldwide is prematurity retinopathy. The degree of perinatal care and the presence of screening programs for early diagnosis affect the disease's incidence, which differs among nations. Several antenatal, postnatal, and other risk variables have been found with their relationship to the severity of the disease, including low birth weight, small gestational age, and other risk factors. Aim: This research aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of prematurity retinopathy among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Patients and methods: This study included 200 preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units at Sohag University Hospital in the period from April 2021 to April 2022. Fundus examination was done using indirect ophthalmoscopy and a 28 D lens, and fundus images were captured using a wide-field digital fundus camera. Results: Out of the 200 screened preterm babies, (57%) cases had prematurity retinopathy, among whom (43%) had stage 1, (48%) had stage 2, (6%) had stage 3, (and 3%) had aggressive posterior retinopathy. GA, BW, oxygen therapy, sepsis, multiple birth, and cesarean section were factors found to be significantly associated with the disease. Conclusion prematurity retinopathy occurred in 57% of all screened preterm babies. The main risk factors for the development of prematurity retinopathy were GA, BW, oxygen therapy, and sepsis.