Objective: Foreign body (FB) inhalation in the tracheobronchial tree is a significant emergency, particularly affecting children due to anatomical and behavioral factors. This study examines the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of FB inhalation cases at Al Sadder Teaching Hospital, Maysan Governorate, over three years. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 50 patients diagnosed with FB inhalation from January 2020 to December 2022. Patient demographics, clinical presentations, FB types and locations, imaging findings, bronchoscopy interventions, and outcomes were reviewed. All patients underwent chest X-rays, with subsequent rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia for FB removal when indicated.
Results: The sample comprised 58% females and 42% males, with ages ranging from 9 months to 60 years. FBs were visualized on X-ray in 72% of cases, though bronchoscopy remained the primary diagnostic and treatment tool, showing a success rate of 76% on the first attempt. Metallic foreign bodies (pins) predominated (52%), followed by organic items. The right main bronchus was the most common site of FB impaction (40%), reflecting anatomical vulnerability.
Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and intervention are essential to reduce morbidity in FB inhalation cases. Rigid bronchoscopy proved effective and safe for FB removal. Public awareness and preventive measures are recommended, particularly for children under five years who are most at risk.