Nosocomial infections are a serious public health problem, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality as well as high expenditures. Objective: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of nosocomial neonatal bacterial infections and their resistance to antibiotics in a group of Moroccan newborns.
Material and methods: We included hospitalized neonates managed for nosocomial bacterial infections over a period from March 1 to June 31, 2022. Results: The incidence rate of healthcare-associated infections during the study period was 18.7%, and the incidence density was 10 cases/1000 DH. The results show a predominance of males (65.67%), most hospitalized within the first 24 hours (82.08%), with a significant proportion of low-weight newborns (61.19%). The reasons for hospitalization were respiratory distress (71.64%), perinatal asphyxia (26.86%), neonatal bacterial infections (16.41%), prematurity (16.41%), and oesophageal atresia (14.92%). Concerning the resistance and sensitivity of germs in nosocomial infections to TBAs: coagulase-positive Staphylococcus showed high rates of resistance to antibiotics, particularly gentamicin (96%), teicoplanin (96%) and amoxicillin (76%). However, it remains sensitive to vancomycin (100%). Enterobacter cloacae showed 100% resistance to ampicillin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, and Ciprofloxacin, and 50% to gentamicin, erythromycin, Meropenem, Cefoxitin, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and imipenem. Acinetobacter baumannii showed 100% resistance to amoxicillin and gentamicin, and 88% to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. Escherichia coli showed total resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 85.7% to ceftazidime and 71.4% to gentamicin and ceftriaxone. Klebsiella pneumoniae was 100% resistant to gentamicin and 87.5% to several TBAs, including ampicillin. The outcome was favorable in 67.16% of cases.