This study aimed to assess the impact of 0.12%, 1%, and 2% curcumin concentrations on the adherence of periodontal ligament cells to root surfaces damaged by periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: Twenty periodontally compromised teeth were removed and sectioned into root specimens. PDL fibroblasts were harvested from freshly extracted teeth for orthodontic purposes, and subsequently grown and incubated. PDL fibroblast cells were then introduced to curcumin-coated root samples at varying dosages. The study samples were categorized into four groups: Group 1 (0.12% curcumin paste), Group 2 (1% curcumin paste), Group 3 (2% curcumin paste), and Group 4 (control group). All samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Results: Group 3, with a 2% curcumin concentration, exhibited distinctly defined multilayered adhering cells that encompassed the whole surface, characterized by entirely flat polyhedral bodies featuring elongated cytoplasmic extensions and minimal to no bacterial colonization, along with sporadic isolated planktonic bacterial adherence.
Conclusion: Curcumin at 2% concentration optimally stimulates cellular attachment and exhibits antibacterial properties on root surfaces damaged by periodontitis.