Background: Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by damage to the blood vessels in the retina, as a result of diabetes-related effects diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a noteworthy complication of diabetes. Objective: Studying the effect of the duration of type 2 diabetes on some biochemical parameters in the blood and their relationship to the extent of chronic complications such as retinopathy. Methods: 131 Individuals of both sexes, aged between 41 and 78 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The number of T2DM with retinopathy was (68) including (36) females and (32) males, while T2DM without retinopathy was (63) including (28) females and (35) males. Certain biomarkers were evaluated such as HbA1C, Creatinine, fasting serum glucose (FSG), Cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Statistical analysis was conducted using a t-test to compare two parameters in the same group or between the studied groups.  Results: The findings indicate significant correlations among different biomarkers in the studied groups DR and DM, also (P value) and Pearson correlation (r) values show a relationship between biomarkers and retinopathy complications. Conclusions: There are notable correlations between creatinine levels and the duration of the disease in both the studied groups DR and DM, also there are highly significant correlations observed between HbA1C levels, creatinine, and the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) without retinopathy, and this may be considered as a risk factor for the occurrence of retinopathy complication in a long duration of diabetes mellitus disease.