Background and Objective: Advancements in reproductive procedures require an understanding of factors influencing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. The study objective is to evaluate the impact of serum estradiol (E2) levels and fertilization rates on the success of IVF/ICSI in infertile women. Materials and Methods: The study comprised one hundred and twenty infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment.  Hormone levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The fertilization rate (FR) was estimated by dividing the fertilized oocytes by the total number of microinjection oocytes. Based on the IVF/ICSI outcomes, participants were categorized into pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Results: The pregnant group had a significantly higher mean E2 level (1480.84 ± 564.29) than the non-pregnant group (1147.84 ± 440.56) (p < 0.001). There were significant correlations between baseline E2 levels and IVF/ICSI outcomes (r = -0.317, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the pregnant group had a significantly higher mean of FR (72.22 ± 9.56) than the non-pregnant group (44.88 ± 37.17) (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant correlations were found between FR and IVF/ICSI outcomes (r = -0.420, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Higher E2 levels and higher FR significantly affect the probability of success in IVF/ICSI treatments. More research is needed to substantiate these findings and clarify the underlying processes at work.