Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an illness that affects the eyes of preterm newborns and can end in blindness if it is not detected and treated in a timely manner. However, due to improvements in neonatal care, the incidence of ROP has been on the rise. To estimate the prevalence of Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), as well as its prognosis and the connection between premature birth and risk factors. This was a retrospective cohort study looked back at data collected from January 2016 through December 2019 at the NICU of the Shareyah Society in ltay El-Baroud, Al Beheira. We analyzed data from 312 preterm that were either born prematurely (GA ≤34 weeks) or had low birth weight (less than 2000 grams) Indirect ophthalmoscopy with a 28 D or 20D lens was utilized to examine the fundus.  The overall prevalence of ROP was 40.7%. Out of the 312 screened preterm babies, 127(40.7%) cases had ROP, among whom 84 (66.2%) need injection, 64(50.4%) of them had type 1 ROP, 20 (15.7%) had aggressive posterior retinopathy. The Follow up examination was done through one month after the operation showed progression in 97.6% of examined cases. ROP was significantly associated with GA, BW, oxygen therapy, and sepsis, Length of hospital stay, thrombocytopenia and frequency of blood transfusions. There is a significant prevalence of ROP. There are a number of factors that have a significant role in the development of ROP, including low birth weight, short gestational age, oxygen administration, thrombocytopenia, blood transfusions, and length of hospital stay.