This paper aimed at testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis in 48 African countries as a whole and as divided into four groups by the World Bank classification. Also, calculating turning points and turning years in groups where the EKC hypothesis is accepted.
This paper collected data from World Development Indicators (WDI), over the period of 1990–2019. It used the methods of panel data and time-series analysis. As for panel data analysis, the study used stationary of panel data, cointegration tests for panel data, estimation of panel data models, and estimation of long-run parameters using panel D- OLS. Regarding time time-series data analysis, the study depended on stationary of time series data, cointegration test for time-series data, and estimation of long-run parameters using D- OLS. For both analyses, the study applied Granger causality test, and estimation of turning points and turning years.
Results reveled that in the whole Africa and two groups (African upper middle-income countries, and African high-income countries) elaborated environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis.
This paper has not only tested the validation of (EKC) scheme, but also it calculated the turning points and turning years in the groups which the hypothesis was applicable.