This research paper presents a comprehensive literature review in the relation between income and fertility all over the world and a comparative analysis of income disparities and fertility trends in Egypt, utilizing data from Health survey for the Egyptian households and Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. The study investigates the individual and socio-contextual determinants of low fertility rates, and decomposes wealth-based inequality to identify points of intervention for policy development, using the 14past years from 2008 up to December 2022 via Egypt Demographic Health Survey ( EDHS) the fertility rates go down with a rapidly rates over all the Governorates at the same time with low households income as a result the Arab Republic of Egypt lies in the fourth stage in the relation between income and fertility which stated that low income and low fertility after a decreasing from the stage number two which stated that low income and high fertility in the past 14 years