The most vital energy resources for modern society are oil and natural gas. These two fundamental factors might have a considerable impact in the development of international relations due to their strategic importance in global economic and political situation. Hence, this research designs a model to enhance the supply chain performance in the oil and gas companies in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The recent study aimed to examine the impact of the SC coordination and SC cooperation on the SC performance with the mediating effect of the SC ambidexterity in the oil and gas companies in KSA. A total of 300 questionnaires selected of the oil and gas companies in KSA using convenience sampling method. The study used SEM with SMART-PLS 4 to analyze the data collected. The measurement model applied to analyze the validity and reliability of the model, the path coefficient in the structural equation model used to test the study hypotheses. The results of this study support all of five direct effect hypotheses and two mediation hypotheses. The result of the study finds that SC collaboration has a significant impact on the SC performance and SC ambidexterity, and SC cooperation has a significant impact on the SC performance and SC ambidexterity. Also, the result of the study found significant impact of the SC ambidexterity on SC performance in the oil and gas companies KSA. Moreover, the result of the study confirms the mediating role of the SC ambidexterity on the impact of the SC collaboration and SC cooperation on SC performance. The study provides very important implications to the managers of the KSA to improve their supply chain performance to gain competitive advantage by applying model of SC collaboration, SC cooperation and SC ambidexterity in oil and gas industry.