This paper aims to develop an economic selection index (SI) for cattle production and reproduction traits in Egyptian Native Cows. Dataset from 2000 records are used in pure native Egyptian herd,Animal Model (MTDFRAML) software was used, and selection indices were calculated with one phenotypic standard deviation as the REV. The study's features include total milk yield (TMY), lactation length (LP), calving interval (CI), and days open (DO). Cow selection based on SI relied nearly entirely on the direct consequences of genetic gain. As a result, utilizing SI may allow for increased cow production in the future generation.

Cow selection based on SI relied nearly entirely on the direct consequences of genetic gain. As a result, utilizing SI may allow for increased cow production in the future generation.The general index(I1 ) was competent as it included all the traits

I1= 0.027(TMY) - 1.829(LP) +1.510(CI) - 8.39(DO); where (RIH=0.623), relative efficiency (RE %) =100%, genetic change(Δ G) for MY= 87.43 and h2I = 0.45.

Therefore, this study will help breeders to choose the best cows to produce milk for selection for it, as this it will lead to a genetic improvement in milk production and reproduction traits for future generations through the use of selection index numbers (1, 4, 5, and 2). The study recommends preserving the original Egyptian cows and works to develop them as a national treasure in light of the current climatic changes due to their resistance to the environmental conditions in addition to their high fertility.