Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822, the major fishery in Bangladesh, has been recognized as the nation's second Geographical Indication (GI) product. This study was carried out from July 2018 to June 2021 in four locations of the Meghna River: Shatnol, Chandpur, Haimchar and Char Alexander. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the current status and efficacy of the first out of six Hilsa sanctuary of Bangladesh. In the first Hilsa sanctuary, satisfactory results were found for the following criteria: plankton composition, percentage of spent rate, length frequency, quantity of larvae and Jatka, CPUE of larvae, length-weight relationship of Jatka, and physico-chemical characteristics of water. It was discovered that salinity had intruded into the lower Meghna River in Char Alexandar, indicating that important actions need to be considered in light of climate change adaptation. The maintenance and the fishing prohibition are necessary to conserve Jatka in the Meghna River sanctuary. The findings of this study will be crucial supporting documentation and a point of reference for subsequent policy, strategy and research on trans-boundary Hilsa fish in Bangladesh, India and Myanmar.